INTRODUCCIÓN A LA TRADUCCIÓN I
Escuela Superior de Idiomas/ Facultad de Lenguas- UNComahue
1 de octubre de 2009
Estrategias de traducción
Traducción de frases fijas
Traducción comunicativa (equivalencia) y paráfrasis comunicativa
(Basado en Baker, Mona (1992) In Other Words, Routledge, London/ New York; capítulo 3)
0. INTRODUCCIÓN
Al momento de comunicar un mensaje, muy pocas veces lo hacemos por medio de palabras aisladas. Generalmente nos comunicamos por medio de un conjunto de palabras que no se combinan al azar:
• Si consideramos la combinación de categorías de palabras (verbos, sustantivos, artículos, etc.), la combinación se rige por reglas sintácticas:
*girl beautiful the
• Sin embargo, en casos particulares de palabras, la combinación se hace en forma arbitraria:
(1) Construir un edificio// ?? producir un edificio
Tener una idea// ?? fabricar una idea
Inventar una historia// ?? inventar una novela
(2) Merry Christmas// ?? Merry New Year
In accordance with (conforme a )// *in accordance to // according to (de acuerdo a/ según)
(3) De tal palo tal astilla// …a chip of the old block
It is no use crying over spilt milk// No tiene sentido llorar sobre leche derramada
(4) To feel blue
As gentle as a lamb
Los ejemplos (1)- (4) se conocen como frases fijas o lexicalizadas. Éstas se describen como combinaciones fijas (lexicalizadas) de palabras y pueden clasificarse en: colocaciones (1), las expresiones fijas (2), los proverbios y refranes (3), y las frases idiomáticas (4).
1. COLOCACIONES:
Una colocación puede describirse como la tendencia de una determinada palabra a aparecer siempre en combinación con otra o con otras palabras (1)
1.1. Características:
• La combinación de las palabras que conforman una colocación es arbitraria (ver 1)
• Aunque se trate de sinónimos, éstos suelen aparecer en colocaciones diferentes (4)
• Estas combinaciones se manifiestan de manera diferente en las distintas lenguas (5).
• La cantidad de elementos léxicos que pueden combinarse con una palabra varía (6). En general, cuanto más general (liviana semánticamente ) es una palabra, más numeroso es el grupo de elementos léxicos con el que coloca (7)
• El significado de las palabras varía según su colocación (8) y (9).
• Algunas colocaciones son propias del lenguaje especializado (áreas temáticas/ campos disciplinarios) y no del lenguaje general. Estas colocaciones, propias de una disciplina particular, se definen como fraseología (10).
(4) To break rules/ ?? to break regulations
To waste time// ?? to squander time
(5) to deliver a letter
to deliver a speech
to deliver a baby
to deliver a blow
to deliver a verdict
(6) to bury people/ a treasure/ your head/ memories/ feelings
to inter people
to entomb people
(7) to pass an examination
to pass a law
to pass an opinion (on something)
to pass the time
(8) Indian filefila india
Indian summerveranito de San Juan
Indian OceanOcéano Índico
(9) The open seasontemporada de caza y pesca
On open verdict(un) veredicto inconcluso del jurado
An open voweluna vocal abierta
(10) Data is processed/ handled/ extracted/ manipulated/ retrieved
Data is *shifted/ *treated/ *arranged/ tackled
1.2. Problemas de traducción
• Interferencia de la lengua de partida (11)
• La inexistencia de un equivalente uno a uno, es decir, frase fija por frase fija (12)
(11) To attend a meeting?? Atender una reunionasistir a una reunión
To sign one´s name??firmar el nombrefirmar
To keep one´s promise??guardar la promesamantener la promesa
(12) These young pandas in Beijing Zoo are great crowd pullersThese young pandas in the Beijing Zoo attract a lot of spectatorsEstos jóvenes pandas del zoológico de Beijing atraen muchos visitantes.
2. FRASES IDIOMÁTICAS (13), PROVERBIOS y REFRANES (14) Y EXPRESIONES FIJAS (15):
2.1. Características
• En general, estas combinaciones lexicalizadas son menos transparentes que las colocaciones.
• Son más estáticas (fijas):
- No admiten variación en su forma.
- No se puede cambiar el orden de sus constituyentes.
- No se puede agregar ni omitir palabras.
- No se puede reemplazar una palabra por otra.
(13) As gentle as a lamb
To feel blue
To pull someone´s leg
(14) De tal palo tal astilla
It is no use crying over spilt milk
(15) All the best
Yours sincerely
As a matter of fact
Merry Christmas
2.2. Problemas de traduccción
• Poder/ saber identificarlas (cuanto más difícil sea entender una secuencia de palabras y cuanto menos sentido tenga la traducción literal de esta combinación, más probabilidades existen de que se trate de una frase lexicalizada).
• Interpretarlas correctamente (algunas admiten ambas interpretaciones: idiomática y literal) (16).
• Poder traducirlas transmitiendo todas sus características (que el equivalente en la lengua meta sea también una frase fija, que tenga el mismo significado, la misma connotación, el mismo registro, etc.)
(16) To take someone for a ride
3. ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LAS FRASES LEXICALIZADAS:
La estrategia más adecuada para la traducción de las frases lexicalizadas es la EQUIVALENCIA:
EQUIVALENCIA: consiste en reemplazar la frase lexicalizada -colocación, frase idiomática, proverbio o expresión fija- de la lengua de origen por una colocación, frase idiomática, proverbio o expresión fija de la lengua meta:
Merry ChristmasFeliz Navidad
To swim like a fishnadar como un pez
To sleep like a dogdormir como un tronco/ dormir como un oso
to shrug one´s shouldersencogerse de hombros
In the event of en caso de
Nice to meet youmucho gusto
Welcomede nada
En aquellos casos en los que no sea posible o sea inadecuado el procedimiento de equivalencia, se podrá optar por cualquier otra estrategia. Por ejemplo:
• PARÁFRASIS COMUNICATIVA: parafrasear la combinación lexicalizada mediante un equivalente más neutro:
She has a sweet tooth Es golosa
He feels blueEstá triste
• REDUCCIÓN: compensar mediante fusión
I hope you don´t take offence if I ask you not to smoke Espero que no te ofendas si te pido que no fumes
• Etc.
EJERCITACIÓN:
1- Traducir las siguientes frases fijas e indicar las estrategias de traducción utilizadas.
Proponer más de una versión para cada oración.
(a) He learnt the poem by heart.
(b) After the accident, his friends all gave him the cold shoulder.
(c) He ´s always reading. He´ll read anything. He´s a real bookworm.
(d) He was never seen again. He just seemed to disappear into thin air.
(e) If you want to be a successful gardener, of course you´ve got to have green fingers.
(f) The exam was very easy. It was a piece of cake.
(g) She was very embarrassed. She went as red a s a beetroot.
(h) That singer´s new record is in great demand. It´s selling like hot cakes.
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta ejercitación. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta ejercitación. Mostrar todas las entradas
La traducción de nombres y términos culturales
INTRODUCCIÓN A LA TRADUCCIÓN I
Escuela Superior de Idiomas/ Facultad de Lenguas
Universidad Nacional del Comahue
22 de septiembre de 2009
La traducción de nombres y términos culturales
Problemas- Estrategias
Ejercitación
1) (a) Ingrese a http://www.welcomeargentina.com/tango/historia.html y escuche el tango “El choclo” , luego
(b) Ingrese a http://www.lastfm.es/music/Georgia+Gibbs/_/Kiss+of+Fire , o a http://www.tangoaustralia.com.au/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=281&Itemid=149 y escuche la canción “Kiss of Fire”
(c) Compare la letra de “El choclo”, “The Ear of Corn” y “Kiss of Fire”, ¿cuál es su conclusión?:
• Analice la traducción de los términos culturales en ambas versiones. ¿Qué estrategias de traducción emplearon los traductores de cada una de las versiones en inglés?
• Comente sobre ambas versiones teniendo en cuenta las nociones de “pérdida” en la traducción, “compromise” y “efecto equivalente”
1947
Letra: Enrique Santos Discépolo.
Música: Ángel Villoldo.
Con este tango que es burlón y compadrito
se ató dos alas la ambición de mi suburbio;
con este tango nació el tango, y como un grito
salió del sórdido barrial buscando el cielo;
conjuro extraño de un amor hecho cadencia
que abrió caminos sin más ley que la esperanza,
mezcla de rabia, de dolor, de fe, de ausencia
llorando en la inocencia de un ritmo juguetón.
Por tu milagro de notas agoreras
nacieron, sin pensarlo, las paicas y las grelas,
luna de charcos, canyengue en las caderas
y un ansia fiera en la manera de querer...
Al evocarte, tango querido,
siento que tiemblan las baldosas de un bailongo
y oigo el rezongo de mi pasado...
Hoy, que no tengo más a mi madre,
siento que llega en punta 'e pie para besarme
cuando tu canto nace al son de un bandoneón.
Carancanfunfa se hizo al mar con tu bandera
y en un pernó mezcló a París con Puente Alsina.
Triste compadre del gavión y de la mina
y hasta comadre del bacán y la pebeta.
Por vos shusheta, cana, reo y mishiadura
se hicieron voces al nacer con tu destino...
¡Misa de faldas, querosén, tajo y cuchillo,
que ardió en los conventillos y ardió en mi corazón.
1947
Lyrics: Enrique Santos Discépolo.
Music: Ángel Villoldo.
With this tango, mocking and show off,
tied two wings the ambition of my slum;
with this tango tango was born and like a shout
left the sordid bog looking for heaven;
strange spell of a love turned cadence
that opened paths with no more light than hope,
mixture of rage, pain, faith, absence
crying in the inocence of playful rhythm.
From the miracle of your ominous notes,
were born without a thought, the paicas and the grelas,
moon on the puddles, canyengue on the hips
and a fiery desire in the way to love...
Evoking you...
tango beloved.....
I feel the shaking of the tiles of a bailongo
and I hear the grumbling of my past...
Now that I don't have...
my mother anymore...
I feel her coming in tiptoes to kiss me
when your chant is born to the sound of a bandoneon.
Carancanfunfa crossed the sea with your flag
and in a Pernod mixed Paris and Puente Alsina.
You were buddy of the gavion and the mina
and even crony of the bacan and the pebeta.
Because of you, shusheta, cana, reo and mishiadura
became voices to be born with your destiny,
mass of skirts, kerosen, slash and knife,
that burned in the tenements and it burned in my heart!
Evoking you...
tango beloved.....
I feel the shaking of the tiles of a bailongo
and I hear the grumbling of my past...
KISS OF FIRE
I touch your lips and all at once the sparks go flying,
Those devil lips that know so well the art of lying,
And though I see the danger, still the flames go higher.
I know I must surrender to your kiss of fire.
Just like a torch, you set the soul within me burning.
I must go on. I’m on this road of no returning,
And though it burns me and it turns me into ashes,
My whole crashes without your kiss of fire.
I can’t resist you. What good is there in trying?
What good is there denying you’re all that I desire.
Since first I kissed you, my heart was yours completely.
If I’m a slave, then it’s a slave I want to be.
Don’t pity me! Don’t pity me!
Give me your lips, the lips you only let me borrow.
Love me tonight, and let the devil take tomorrow.
I know that I must have your kiss although it dooms me,
Though it consumes me, your kiss of fire.
I can’t resist you. What good is there in trying?
What good is there denying you’re all that I desire.
Since first I kissed you, my heart was yours completely.
If I’m a slave, then it’s a slave I want to be.
Don’t pity me! Don’t pity me!
Give me your lips, the lips you only let me borrow.
Love me tonight, and let the devil take tomorrow.
I know that I must have your kiss although it dooms me,
Though it consumes me, your kiss of fire.
2) Compare el tratamiento de los términos culturales en cada uno de los textos. Concéntrese en las palabras y expresiones subrayadas. Si consideramos que se trata de traducciones al inglés, ¿cuáles fueron las estrategias de traducción empleadas?
(a)Gastronomy with names
http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/blog/travellingbuenosaires/category/gastronomy/
Undoubtedly, Asado is the gastronomy icon in Argentina, even though it is more common to see porteño people eating breaded escalope with French fries.
Food is an interesting gate to the local culture. For instance, it is possible to walk along Buenos Aires drinking French champagne as Gardel did… with ravioles or paella. Or the puchero (a dish made of boiled vegetables and meat) at Café de los Angelitos (Rivadavia Ave. 2100) has been served in his honour.
(b) http://www.ladatco.com/BUE_food.htm
Argentina is well known for it's beef - bife de lomo (filet mignon) and bife de chorizo (t-bone steak without the bone) are probably the most popular cuts of meat. A typical dinner might start with chorizo (spicy sausage), morcilla (blood sausage) or an empanada (a thin dough pastry filled with a tasty meat concoction).
Then comes the meat which is the highlight of the meal and the focus of the meal - either a single cut of meat, like the bife de lomo, or a parillada, a mix of grilled meat. There may be salads, potatoes or vegetables, but they are strictly secondary to the meat.
A typical dessert might be dulce de leche (milk, sugar and vanilla boiled down to a thick sauce) by itself or within or on another sweet such as churros (fingers of deep-fried dough filled with dulce de leche) and Alfajores (cookies filled with dulce de leche and coated in chocolate).
Chimichurri accompanies most beef dishes. This sauce, made by combining fresh minced garlic, oil and fresh minced parsley, is considered spicy for the Argentines, but a meal of beef isn't the same without it.
Parillas, or grill restaurants, are everywhere and all take a fierce pride in the quality of their meat.
(c) http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/tourism/C791-argentine-gastronomy.php?idioma_sel=en
Argentine dishes that cannot be missed:
Bife de Chorizo (“Steak”) with French fries
This thick, juicy and tender meat known as bife de chorizo (“Sirloin strip steak”) and served with French fries is a gastronomic dish that cannot be missed. It is well-known because of its large size, and the purity of its meat, having no fat remains.
Puchero (“Chick Pea and Meat Broth”)
It is associated with Argentine cuisine, though it is originally regarded as a Spanish dish. Puchero is largely based upon a Spanish stew known as Cocido Iberico from which it has even borrowed its name.
Empanadas (“Turnover pies”)
They can be eaten all around the country, though the most delicious ones may certainly be tasted in the provinces of Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy in the country´s Northeast region. The empanada stuffed with meat (hard boiled egg, olives, green onions, and ocassionally with raisins and potatoes) stands as the most traditional type of empanada within its category.
Dulce de leche (“Milk Jam”) / Alfajores (“Shorbread cookies sandwiched together with Dulce de Leche”)
As a matter of fact, all tourists visiting Argentina should taste dulce de leche alone, or as a filling for alfajores, cakes, pastries and ice-cream. When first tasting it, many people may find it too sweet, though there is no palate that can actually resist to such a temptation. And the alfajor consisting of short-bread cookies sandwiched together with dulce de leche.
3) Proponga una traducción para las expresiones subrayadas. Fundamente la elección de la estrategia de traducción utilizada
Who is Googling You Right Now?
Web users are using Google.com and other powerful Web search tools to track down or keep tabs on long-lost acquaintances - be they former lovers, classmates, friends or enemies.
These searches, which once might have required hiring a private detective, have become increasingly easy as the amount of data available on the Web grows. With more and more personal information flooding the Web daily, only the John Smiths of the world remain relatively immune. Searchers are often foiled by common names. If their long-lost friend is named John Smith, for example, they'd have to wade through 402,000 Google results to find him. But if you search for, say, Bill Gates, Google returns his own personal Web site as the first result.
[Adapted from CNN. com]
Escuela Superior de Idiomas/ Facultad de Lenguas
Universidad Nacional del Comahue
22 de septiembre de 2009
La traducción de nombres y términos culturales
Problemas- Estrategias
Ejercitación
1) (a) Ingrese a http://www.welcomeargentina.com/tango/historia.html y escuche el tango “El choclo” , luego
(b) Ingrese a http://www.lastfm.es/music/Georgia+Gibbs/_/Kiss+of+Fire , o a http://www.tangoaustralia.com.au/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=281&Itemid=149 y escuche la canción “Kiss of Fire”
(c) Compare la letra de “El choclo”, “The Ear of Corn” y “Kiss of Fire”, ¿cuál es su conclusión?:
• Analice la traducción de los términos culturales en ambas versiones. ¿Qué estrategias de traducción emplearon los traductores de cada una de las versiones en inglés?
• Comente sobre ambas versiones teniendo en cuenta las nociones de “pérdida” en la traducción, “compromise” y “efecto equivalente”
1947
Letra: Enrique Santos Discépolo.
Música: Ángel Villoldo.
Con este tango que es burlón y compadrito
se ató dos alas la ambición de mi suburbio;
con este tango nació el tango, y como un grito
salió del sórdido barrial buscando el cielo;
conjuro extraño de un amor hecho cadencia
que abrió caminos sin más ley que la esperanza,
mezcla de rabia, de dolor, de fe, de ausencia
llorando en la inocencia de un ritmo juguetón.
Por tu milagro de notas agoreras
nacieron, sin pensarlo, las paicas y las grelas,
luna de charcos, canyengue en las caderas
y un ansia fiera en la manera de querer...
Al evocarte, tango querido,
siento que tiemblan las baldosas de un bailongo
y oigo el rezongo de mi pasado...
Hoy, que no tengo más a mi madre,
siento que llega en punta 'e pie para besarme
cuando tu canto nace al son de un bandoneón.
Carancanfunfa se hizo al mar con tu bandera
y en un pernó mezcló a París con Puente Alsina.
Triste compadre del gavión y de la mina
y hasta comadre del bacán y la pebeta.
Por vos shusheta, cana, reo y mishiadura
se hicieron voces al nacer con tu destino...
¡Misa de faldas, querosén, tajo y cuchillo,
que ardió en los conventillos y ardió en mi corazón.
1947
Lyrics: Enrique Santos Discépolo.
Music: Ángel Villoldo.
With this tango, mocking and show off,
tied two wings the ambition of my slum;
with this tango tango was born and like a shout
left the sordid bog looking for heaven;
strange spell of a love turned cadence
that opened paths with no more light than hope,
mixture of rage, pain, faith, absence
crying in the inocence of playful rhythm.
From the miracle of your ominous notes,
were born without a thought, the paicas and the grelas,
moon on the puddles, canyengue on the hips
and a fiery desire in the way to love...
Evoking you...
tango beloved.....
I feel the shaking of the tiles of a bailongo
and I hear the grumbling of my past...
Now that I don't have...
my mother anymore...
I feel her coming in tiptoes to kiss me
when your chant is born to the sound of a bandoneon.
Carancanfunfa crossed the sea with your flag
and in a Pernod mixed Paris and Puente Alsina.
You were buddy of the gavion and the mina
and even crony of the bacan and the pebeta.
Because of you, shusheta, cana, reo and mishiadura
became voices to be born with your destiny,
mass of skirts, kerosen, slash and knife,
that burned in the tenements and it burned in my heart!
Evoking you...
tango beloved.....
I feel the shaking of the tiles of a bailongo
and I hear the grumbling of my past...
KISS OF FIRE
I touch your lips and all at once the sparks go flying,
Those devil lips that know so well the art of lying,
And though I see the danger, still the flames go higher.
I know I must surrender to your kiss of fire.
Just like a torch, you set the soul within me burning.
I must go on. I’m on this road of no returning,
And though it burns me and it turns me into ashes,
My whole crashes without your kiss of fire.
I can’t resist you. What good is there in trying?
What good is there denying you’re all that I desire.
Since first I kissed you, my heart was yours completely.
If I’m a slave, then it’s a slave I want to be.
Don’t pity me! Don’t pity me!
Give me your lips, the lips you only let me borrow.
Love me tonight, and let the devil take tomorrow.
I know that I must have your kiss although it dooms me,
Though it consumes me, your kiss of fire.
I can’t resist you. What good is there in trying?
What good is there denying you’re all that I desire.
Since first I kissed you, my heart was yours completely.
If I’m a slave, then it’s a slave I want to be.
Don’t pity me! Don’t pity me!
Give me your lips, the lips you only let me borrow.
Love me tonight, and let the devil take tomorrow.
I know that I must have your kiss although it dooms me,
Though it consumes me, your kiss of fire.
2) Compare el tratamiento de los términos culturales en cada uno de los textos. Concéntrese en las palabras y expresiones subrayadas. Si consideramos que se trata de traducciones al inglés, ¿cuáles fueron las estrategias de traducción empleadas?
(a)Gastronomy with names
http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/blog/travellingbuenosaires/category/gastronomy/
Undoubtedly, Asado is the gastronomy icon in Argentina, even though it is more common to see porteño people eating breaded escalope with French fries.
Food is an interesting gate to the local culture. For instance, it is possible to walk along Buenos Aires drinking French champagne as Gardel did… with ravioles or paella. Or the puchero (a dish made of boiled vegetables and meat) at Café de los Angelitos (Rivadavia Ave. 2100) has been served in his honour.
(b) http://www.ladatco.com/BUE_food.htm
Argentina is well known for it's beef - bife de lomo (filet mignon) and bife de chorizo (t-bone steak without the bone) are probably the most popular cuts of meat. A typical dinner might start with chorizo (spicy sausage), morcilla (blood sausage) or an empanada (a thin dough pastry filled with a tasty meat concoction).
Then comes the meat which is the highlight of the meal and the focus of the meal - either a single cut of meat, like the bife de lomo, or a parillada, a mix of grilled meat. There may be salads, potatoes or vegetables, but they are strictly secondary to the meat.
A typical dessert might be dulce de leche (milk, sugar and vanilla boiled down to a thick sauce) by itself or within or on another sweet such as churros (fingers of deep-fried dough filled with dulce de leche) and Alfajores (cookies filled with dulce de leche and coated in chocolate).
Chimichurri accompanies most beef dishes. This sauce, made by combining fresh minced garlic, oil and fresh minced parsley, is considered spicy for the Argentines, but a meal of beef isn't the same without it.
Parillas, or grill restaurants, are everywhere and all take a fierce pride in the quality of their meat.
(c) http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/tourism/C791-argentine-gastronomy.php?idioma_sel=en
Argentine dishes that cannot be missed:
Bife de Chorizo (“Steak”) with French fries
This thick, juicy and tender meat known as bife de chorizo (“Sirloin strip steak”) and served with French fries is a gastronomic dish that cannot be missed. It is well-known because of its large size, and the purity of its meat, having no fat remains.
Puchero (“Chick Pea and Meat Broth”)
It is associated with Argentine cuisine, though it is originally regarded as a Spanish dish. Puchero is largely based upon a Spanish stew known as Cocido Iberico from which it has even borrowed its name.
Empanadas (“Turnover pies”)
They can be eaten all around the country, though the most delicious ones may certainly be tasted in the provinces of Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy in the country´s Northeast region. The empanada stuffed with meat (hard boiled egg, olives, green onions, and ocassionally with raisins and potatoes) stands as the most traditional type of empanada within its category.
Dulce de leche (“Milk Jam”) / Alfajores (“Shorbread cookies sandwiched together with Dulce de Leche”)
As a matter of fact, all tourists visiting Argentina should taste dulce de leche alone, or as a filling for alfajores, cakes, pastries and ice-cream. When first tasting it, many people may find it too sweet, though there is no palate that can actually resist to such a temptation. And the alfajor consisting of short-bread cookies sandwiched together with dulce de leche.
3) Proponga una traducción para las expresiones subrayadas. Fundamente la elección de la estrategia de traducción utilizada
Who is Googling You Right Now?
Web users are using Google.com and other powerful Web search tools to track down or keep tabs on long-lost acquaintances - be they former lovers, classmates, friends or enemies.
These searches, which once might have required hiring a private detective, have become increasingly easy as the amount of data available on the Web grows. With more and more personal information flooding the Web daily, only the John Smiths of the world remain relatively immune. Searchers are often foiled by common names. If their long-lost friend is named John Smith, for example, they'd have to wade through 402,000 Google results to find him. But if you search for, say, Bill Gates, Google returns his own personal Web site as the first result.
[Adapted from CNN. com]
